Final report – Johan Cruijff ArenA Operational Pilot: Johan Cruijff ArenA Case Study

The Johan Cruijff ArenA (JC ArenA) is a big events location in Amsterdam, where national and international football matches, concerts and music festivals take place for up to 68,000 visitors. The JC ArenA is already one of the most sustainable, multi-functional stadia in the world and is realizing even more inspiring smart energy solutions for the venue, it’s visitors and neighbourhood. The JC ArenA presents a complex testbed for innovative energy services, with a consumption of electricity comparable to a district of 2700 households. Thanks to the 1 MWp solar installation on the roof of the venue, the JC ArenA already produces around 8% of the electricity it needs, the rest is by certified regional wind energy. Within the Seev4-City project the JC ArenA has invested in a 3 MW/2.8 MWh battery energy storage system, 14 EV charging stations and one V2G charging unit. The plan was to construct the 2.8 MWh battery with 148 2nd life electric car batteries, but at the moment of realisation there were not enough 2nd life EV batteries available, so 40% is 2nd life. The JC ArenA experienced compatibility issues installing a mix of new and second-life batteries. Balancing the second-life batteries with the new batteries proved far more difficult than expected because an older battery is acting different compared to new batteries. The EV-based battery energy storage system is unique in that it combines for the first time several applications and services in parallel. Main use is for grid services like Frequency Containment Reserve, along with peak shaving, back-up services, V2G support and optimization of PV integration. By integrating the solar panels, the energy storage system and the (bi-directional) EV chargers electric vehicles can power events and be charged with clean energy through the JC ArenA’s Energy Services. These and other experiences and results can serve as a development model for other stadiums worldwide and for use of 2nd life EV batteries. The results of the Seev4-City project are also given in three Key Performance Indicators (KPI): reduction of CO2-emission, increase of energy autonomy and reduction in peak demand. The results for the JC ArenA are summarised in the table below. The year 2017 is taken as reference, as most data is available for this year. The CO2 reductions are far above target thanks to the use of the battery energy storage system for FCR services, as this saves on the use of fossil energy by fossil power plants. Some smaller savings are by replacement of ICE by EV. Energy autonomy is increased by better spreading of the PV generated, over 6 instead of 4 of the 10 transformers of the JC ArenA, so less PV is going to the public grid. A peak reduction of 0.3 MW (10%) is possible by optimal use of the battery energy storage system during the main events with the highest electricity demand

Final report - Oslo Operational Pilot: Vulkan Car Parking, Oslo, Norway

This report provides a final report of the SEEV4-City Operational Pilot at the Vulkan parking garage in Oslo, Norway. It is part of a collection of reports published by the project covering a variation of specific and crosscutting analysis and evaluation perspectives and spans across 6 operational pilots. This report is dedicated to the analysis of the pilot itself

Vehicle4 Energy Services (V4ES) Evaluation for Upscaling and Transnational potential: Assessing the potential of further roll-out of 8 differing V4(ES) solutions

This report is intended to collect, present, and evaluate the various solutions applied in individual operational pilots for their (upscaling and transnational transfer) potential, in terms of opportunities and barriers, over the short and long(er)-term. This is done by identifying the main characteristics of the solutions and sites and the relevant influencing factors at different local (dimension) contexts. The analysis provides insights in barriers but also opportunities and conditions for success across four main dimensions that make up the local context landscape. We consider two main roll-out scenarios: 1. Upscaling within the boundaries of the country where the operational pilot (OP) took place 2. Transnational Transfer relates to the potential for transferring a (V4)ES solution to any of the other three (project) countries There are several aspects within the four main dimensions that are cross-cutting for all four countries, either because EU legislation lies at its roots, or because market conditions are fairly similar for certain influencing factors in those dimension. Ultimately, both Smart Charging and V2X market are still in their relevant infancies. The solutions applied in various SEEV4-City pilots are relatively straightforward and simple in ‘smartness’. This helps the potential for adoption but may not always be the optimal solution yet. The Peak shaving or load/demand shifting solutions are viable options to reduce costs for different stakeholders in the (electricity) supply chain. The market is likely to mature and become much smarter in coming 5 – 10 years. This also includes the evolvement (or spin-offs) of the solutions applied in SEEV4-_City as well. At least in the coming (approximately) 5 years Smart Charging appears to have the better financial business case and potential for large scale roll-out with less (impactful) bottlenecks, but looking at longer term V2X holds its potential to play a significant role in the energy transition. A common denominator as primary barriers relates to existing regulation, standards readiness and limited market availability of either hardware or service offerings. SEEV4-City has published a significant collection of varying reports, many taking a specific focus. For more detailed information on, for example a particular solution at one of the OPs or more in-depth policy evaluation, please look into these additional reports. They can be found through the Interreg NSR or project specific website, or one of the partners of the project would be glad to provide them

SEEV4-City approach to KPI Methodology

SEEV4-City is an innovation project funded by the EU Interreg North Sea Region Programme. Its main objective is to demonstrate smart electric mobility and renewable energy solutions integration and share its learnings. The project must report on the results of 6 Operational Pilots (OPs) of the following three Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): A. Estimated CO2 reduction B. Estimated increase in energy autonomy C. Estimated Saving from Grid Investment Deferral The project aimed to establish a common methodology to calculate the contributions to the three main KPIs with significant level of detail and accuracy (where feasible). This was a collaborative exercise between Work package (WP) partners leading WP3-Intelligence (Data analysis, monitoring and simulation), WP4- Operational Pilots Implementation and Coordination and WP5-Policy and Business Case work packages and was done in consultation with the OP partners. The result of this effort is collated in this defined approach the KPI Methodology report. It is part of a collection of reports published by the project covering a variation of specific and cross-cutting analysis as well as different evaluation perspectives spanning the 6 operational pilots

Final report - Leicester City Hall Operational Pilot: V2B and V2G at Leicester City Hall – case study

This report provides evaluation of the SEEV4-City Operational Pilot at Leicester City Hall, in the city of Leicester, U.K. In cooperation with Cenex UK, a demonstration project was set up to evaluate the technical requirements and commercial benefits of V2B (Vehicle to Building) technology at Leicester City Hall, U.K. It is part of a collection of reports published by the project covering a variation of specific and cross-cutting analysis and evaluation perspectives and spans 6 operational pilots. This report is dedicated to the analysis of the pilot itself

Final report – Loughborough Operational Pilot: Loughborough V2H Operational Pilot Final report with extension of Burton-upon-Trent with V2G application

This is the final report of the SEEV4-City Operational Pilot (OP) in Loughborough and its second phase in Burton-upon-Trent, UK. It is part of a collection of reports published by the Smart, clean Energy and Electric Vehicles for the City (SEEV4-City) Project

KPI results - baselines and final results: capturing the baselines and final measurements to report the KPI results on OPs and project lev

SEEV4-City is an innovation project funded by the European Union Interreg North Sea Region Programme. Its main objective is to demonstrate smart electric mobility and integration of renewable energy solutions and share the learnings gained. The project reports on the results of six Operational Pilots (OPs) which have different scales and are located in five different cities in four different countries in the North Sea Region. Loughborough OP (United Kingdom) is the smallest pilot, being a household with a bi-directional EV charging unit for the Nissan Leaf, a stationary battery, and a PV system. In the Kortrijk OP (Belgium), a battery system and a bi-directional charging unit for the delivery van (as well as a smart charging station for ebikes) were added to the energy system. In Leicester (United Kingdom), five unidirectional charging units were to be accompanied by four bi-directional charging units. The Johan Cruyff Arena OP is a larger pilot in Amsterdam, with a 2.8 MWh (partly) second life stationary battery storage for Frequency Control Regulation services and back-up power, 14 fast chargers and one bi-directional charger. Integrated into the existing energy system is a 1 MW PV system that is already installed on the roof. In the Oslo OP, 102 chargers were installed, of which two are fast chargers. A stationary battery energy storage system (BESS) supports the charging infrastructure and is used for peak shaving. The FlexPower OP in Amsterdam is the largest OP with over 900 EV charging outlets across the city, providing smart charging capable of reducing the energy peak demand in the evening. Before the start of the project, three Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were determined: A. Estimated CO2 reduction B. Estimated increase in energy autonomy C. Estimated Savings from Grid Investment Deferra

Final report – Johan Cruijff ArenA operational pilot: Johan Cruijff ArenA case study

The Johan Cruijff ArenA (JC ArenA) is a big events location in Amsterdam, where national and international football matches, concerts and music festivals take place for up to 68,000 visitors. The JC ArenA is already one of the most sustainable, multi-functional stadia in the world and is realizing even more inspiring smart energy solutions for the venue, it’s visitors and neighbourhood. The JC ArenA presents a complex testbed for innovative energy services, with a consumption of electricity comparable to a district of 2700 households. Thanks to the 1 MWp solar installation on the roof of the venue, the JC ArenA already produces around 8% of the electricity it needs, the rest is by certified regional wind energy. Within the Seev4-City project the JC ArenA has invested in a 3 MW/2.8 MWh battery energy storage system, 14 EV charging stations and one V2G charging unit. The plan was to construct the 2.8 MWh battery with 148 2nd life electric car batteries, but at the moment of realisation there were not enough 2nd life EV batteries available, so 40% is 2nd life. The JC ArenA experienced compatibility issues installing a mix of new and second-life batteries. Balancing the second-life batteries with the new batteries proved far more difficult than expected because an older battery is acting different compared to new batteries. The EV-based battery energy storage system is unique in that it combines for the first time several applications and services in parallel. Main use is for grid services like Frequency Containment Reserve, along with peak shaving, back-up services, V2G support and optimization of PV integration. By integrating the solar panels, the energy storage system and the (bi-directional) EV chargers electric vehicles can power events and be charged with clean energy through the JC ArenA’s Energy Services. These and other experiences and results can serve as a development model for other stadiums worldwide and for use of 2nd life EV batteries. The results of the Seev4-City project are also given in three Key Performance Indicators (KPI): reduction of CO2-emission, increase of energy autonomy and reduction in peak demand. The results for the JC ArenA are summarised in the table below. The year 2017 is taken as reference, as most data is available for this year. The CO2 reductions are far above target thanks to the use of the battery energy storage system for FCR services, as this saves on the use of fossil energy by fossil power plants. Some smaller savings are by replacement of ICE by EV. Energy autonomy is increased by better spreading of the PV generated, over 6 instead of 4 of the 10 transformers of the JC ArenA, so less PV is going to the public grid. A peak reduction of 0.3 MW (10%) is possible by optimal use of the battery energy storage system during the main events with the highest electricity demand

Vehicle4 Energy Services (V4ES) evaluation for upscaling and transnational potential: assessing the potential of further roll-out of 8 differing V4(ES) solutions

This report is intended to collect, present, and evaluate the various solutions applied in individual operational pilots for their (upscaling and transnational transfer) potential, in terms of opportunities and barriers, over the short and long(er)-term. This is done by identifying the main characteristics of the solutions and sites and the relevant influencing factors at different local (dimension) contexts. The analysis provides insights in barriers but also opportunities and conditions for success across four main dimensions that make up the local context landscape. We consider two main roll-out scenarios: 1. Upscaling within the boundaries of the country where the operational pilot (OP) took place 2. Transnational Transfer relates to the potential for transferring a (V4)ES solution to any of the other three (project) countries There are several aspects within the four main dimensions that are cross-cutting for all four countries, either because EU legislation lies at its roots, or because market conditions are fairly similar for certain influencing factors in those dimension. Ultimately, both Smart Charging and V2X market are still in their relevant infancies. The solutions applied in various SEEV4-City pilots are relatively straightforward and simple in ‘smartness’. This helps the potential for adoption but may not always be the optimal solution yet. The Peak shaving or load/demand shifting solutions are viable options to reduce costs for different stakeholders in the (electricity) supply chain. The market is likely to mature and become much smarter in coming 5 – 10 years. This also includes the evolvement (or spin-offs) of the solutions applied in SEEV4-_City as well. At least in the coming (approximately) 5 years Smart Charging appears to have the better financial business case and potential for large scale roll-out with less (impactful) bottlenecks, but looking at longer term V2X holds its potential to play a significant role in the energy transition. A common denominator as primary barriers relates to existing regulation, standards readiness and limited market availability of either hardware or service offerings

Final report – Loughborough Operational Pilot: Loughborough V2H Operational Pilot Final report with extension of Burton-upon-Trent with V2G application

This OP was deployed in two phases, focusing on Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). Its first phase took place at a private residence in Loughborough and ran from March 2017 up to December 2017. This phase 1 is also referred to as the ‘Loughborough pilot’. The second phase took place from February 2020 until present at a comparable residence in Burton-upon-Trent, thereafter, referred to as the ‘Burton pilot’ or ‘phase 2’. Both pilots included bi-directional chargers, Electric Vehicles (EV), Battery Static Storage (BSS) and rooftop solar PhotoVoltaic panels (PV). The main goals of this pilot were to demonstrate the added value of V2H and V2G of using additional energy storage and PV in households. Challenges encountered in the project include interoperability issues, particularly in phase 1, and the unforeseen development of the homeowner selling his house, meaning a new location needed to be found. However, this challenge ultimately provided an excellent opportunity to implement lessons for interoperability and to act upon the recommendations from the intermediate analysis of the Loughborough pilot. This report is mainly focussed on phase 1 (Loughborough), and additional analysis for Burton-upon-Trent (phase 2) can be found in the appendix